The United Nations Human Rights Council passed a non-binding resolution condemning states that intentionally disrupt citizens' access to the internet. It builds on previous digital rights statements of the UN, stating that "the same rights people have offline must also be protected online" – in particular the freedom of expression, which is protected under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The resolution, while passed by consensus, was opposed by India, China, South Africa, Russia and Saudi Arabia.