The Czech Constitutional Court has confirmed that the Ministry of Health can determine that certain vaccines are mandatory and fine parents for non-compliance. The court stressed that vaccination is beneficial for the whole society, not just for individuals, and that the risks are, according to current scientific knowledge, minimal. Still, there is debate over the benefits of mandatory vaccines; four to five children per year end up with serious side effects, causing some parents to refuse vaccination of their children. This issue is likely to go to the European Court of Human Rights.